Machine for refining paper stock and pulp



1936- w. H. HERMANN Er AL 2,027,041

MACHINE FOR REFININGPAPER STOCK AND PULP Filed June 26, 1933 WWW j [mo- M6558? Y W 22mm Patented Jan. 7, 1936 PATENT orricr.

MACHINE FDR ggINING PAPER STOCK PULP - Walter H. Hermann and Ludwig H. Wessel, Lancaster, Ohio, a'ssignors to The Hermann Manufacturing Company, Lancaster, Ohio, a corpo- V ration of Ohio Application June '26, 1933, Serial No. 671,664.

9 Claims.

Our invention relates to machines for refining paper stock and pulp. It has to do,-rnore particularly, with that type of paper stock and pulp grinding machine commonly known as a Jordan 5 engine and to that part of the engine which is known as the liner for the so called plug body forming a part of the engine. However, there are certain features of our invention not necessarily limited thereto.

10 The plug liner of an engine of the type indicated usually embodies a frustro-conical form which is adapted to fit over an auxiliary plug and which may be separate therefrom or made integral therewith. n the outer surface of the 15 liner a plurality of longitudinally extending knives are mounted and disposed in spaced relation around the circumference of the liner. These knives are secured to the liner and are supported in spaced relation by a plurality of spacer 20 blocks.

One of the objects of our invention is to provide a very effective means for locking the spacer blocks between the knives of the plug liner of an engine of the type indicated, and which will be 25 very-simple and inexpensive.

Another object of our invention is to provide a means for locking the spacer blocks between the knives, such means being of such a type that the spacer blocks may be readily positioned between 30 the knives and will be firmly held in place at all times.

Another object of our invention is to provide means for locking the spacer blocks between the knives of the plug or other member of an engine 35 of the type indicated, such means being of such a type that the spacer blocks may be positioned between the knives without injuring such blocks.

Another object of our invention is to provide a plug liner which is adapted to be used in an 40 engine of the type indicated and which is composed of a plurality of knives and spacer blocks, means being provided for effectively locking said spacer'blocks in position between the knives and being of such a type that the plug liner may be 4 put into use'immediately after assembling.

In its preferred form, our invention contemplates the provision of a plug liner of the type indicated having a plurality of longitudinally extending knives disposed on the liner and in spaced 50 relation around the circumference thereof. Suitable means is provided'for securing these knives to the plug liner. To support'these knives in their proper spaced relation, a plurality of spacer blocks are provided which are adapted to be dis- 55 posed between the said knives. These spacer blocks are forced in between the knives and we provide a very effective means for maintaining these blocks in position between such knives. These means embody projections formed on the side surfaces of the knives which produce grooves 5 Y in the spacer block when they are forced between the knives. The blocks are forced between the knives in such a manner that the projections thereon will preferably produce grooves of such a type that these grooves and the said projections will cooperate in a very effective manner to maintain the spacer blocks in position.

The preferred embodiment of our invention is shown in the accompanying drawing wherein like characters of reference designate corresponding parts and wherein:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a plug liner adapted to be used in a Jordan engine, with some of the spacer blocks removed, and showing the means for retaining the spacer blocks and the g knives in position.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of part of a knife and spacer block showing one of the balls in the knife which acts as a retaining means for the spacer block, after it has been forced into position, the block shown in this figure being forced downwardly. egg

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 showing the groove formed in the block after it has been forced downwardly.

Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3 showing the block and knife after the block hasbeen driven in the direction of the arrow in Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a view showing the groove formed in the block by one of the balls after the block has been forced into position.

Figure 6 is a partial plan view of the structure shown in Figure 1, parts being broken away, to show the ball locking means.

Figure 7 is a typical section taken through the shell of the plug liner.

Figure 8 shows a modified form of spacer block securing means which can be used in lieu of the balls.

With reference to the drawing, and particularly to Figure l, we have shown a frustro-conical plug liner unit that is adapted to fit over the auxiliary plug of a Jordan engine.

The plug liner comprises a frustro-conical member I having a plurality of slots I formed in the outer surface thereof and extending longitudinally thereof. A plurality of long grinding bars or blades 2 and a plurality of short blades 3 are mounted on the outer periphery of the liner I. These blades are adapted to be disposed in liner I. It will be understood that the grooves adapted to receive the long blades I extend for the entire length of the shell while grooves adapted to receive the short blades 3 only extend a distance equal to such blades. The long blades are supported by means of the blocks 4 which are made of wood. likewise, the short blades 3 are supported in spaced relation from each other and from the long blades 2 by means of a plurality of spacer blocks I.

The blades may be secured to the outer surface "of the liner I in any suitable manner but we preferably accomplish this in a manner to be now described in detail.

Before the blocks and knives are disposed on the liner I a plln'ality of bands i which extend around the periphery of the liner are disposed in longitudinally Sp ced positions therealong. These bands i are preferably made ot a suitable metal and are shrunk in position on the liner. At each point where a band 6 surrounds the liner, an annular seat 6' is formed on the surface of the liner so that the band will readily fit around the liner and will be firmly held in position. This seat 6' will be intemrpted at regular intervals by the longitudinally extending grooves I. Any number of these bands 6 may be provided and it will be understood that we are not limited to the number shown.

Each of the blades has a plurality of open slots 9 formed along their lower edge. A lug III formed on the knife projects into each of the slots 9 and from a socket II in the knife for the reception of the bands i as shown in Figure 7. When the knife is positioned in its proper groove If, the slot 9 will fit over the bands 6. Then, if the knife is moved longitudinally, it will cause the lug III to move underneath the band i and be wedged therein. when the knife is positioned in this manner, the band G will occupy a position in the grooves 9 illustrated in Figure 7: Thus, it will be apparent that the slots 8 with the lugs Ill pro-. jecting thereinto, will cooperate with the various bands 6 in retaining the knives on the plug liner. The various knives will lie in their respective grooves I' and the lugs ll projecting into the slots 9 will be wedged between the bands 6 and the bottom of the grooves I. I

spacer blocks 4 in position, as will readily appear.

In order tosecure the spacenblocks 4 and i in position so that they will not work loose, we

- have provided the balls I I which are mounted in suitable sockets formed at suitably spaced intel'vals along the blades. 11: will be apparent that any number of these balls desired maybe used. The balls I 3 project a determined distance from each side of the blade for a purpose which will later appear. When the spacer blocks are forced into position between the knives, this is done in such a manner that the balls I! will form grooves therein with which they will cooperate in order to maintain the spacer blocks securely in position.

Itwillbeseeninl'igures 1and7thatthespacer block 5 has a forwardly extending portion I4 on its front end and its upper edge. This portion I4 is adapted to overlap the rearwardly extending portion II formedv on the rearward end of the spacer block 4 adjacent its lower edge. When the grooves l' formed in the outer surface of the,

the spacer blocks 4 and'the spacer blocks I are in position the upp r edges thereof will be flush.

It will be apparent from Figure i that the rearwardly extending portion II of the block 4 is provided with a groove I. which is adapted to res ceive the front end of the short blade I. In assembling this plug liner, we first mount the knives by placing them in the grooves I with the slots 0 receiving the bands 4. The knives are then forced longitudinally to cause the lugs I. to wedge underneath the bands 4. The knives 2 and I are mounted on the liner first, and then the ring I2 is mounted and shrunk on the end of the knives 2. The spacer blocks 5 are next inserted and forced into position in a manner to 15 be now fully described.

The blocks 5 are forced between the knives 2 and I in such a. manner that they will be securely locked in place and so that there will be no possibility of their coming out during p ration go of the engine. In order to force each of the blocks 5 in position, the block is driven down between the knives as shown in Figures 1 and 2 until it is suitably spaced below the upper edges of the knives. It will be noted from Figure 125 that when the block is driven down between the knives, a portion indicated by A projects from the ends of the knives and the end of the liner I a considerable distance. It will also be apparent from the drawing-that when the .block is driven so down to its proper depth that a vertical groove I1 is formed therein by each of the projecting balls I3. The end of. the block is then struck and it is forced longitudinally between the knives until it coincides with the ends of the knives. as When the block is forced longitudinally in this manner the portion I4 thereof will overlap the portion I5 of the spacer blocks 4, it being understood that the spacer blocks 4 were previously inserted between the knives 2 in a similar manner. 40 In its longitudinal movement horizontal grooves I8 are formed in the block by the projecting ball members l3. The inverted L-shaped grooves I1,

. I 8 (Figure 5) formed in the blocks will securely tc lock the spacer blocks 4 in position. As seen in Figure 7, the rear ends of the spacer blocks 4 are beveled as at In so that they will fit underneath the ring I2.

Instead of using the projecting balls I3, we may go employ other means for locking the spacer blocks in position. For example, in Figure 8, we have shown projections lla'which are formed integral with the knife and on the side surfaces thereof. We may also use pins which are disposed in open- 5 ings in the blade and which project from each side thereof. In other words, we may use any means which projects from the side surfaces of the knives a suificient distance to form grooves of ample depth in the spacer blocks when they 70 are forced into position. 7

It will be understood from the above description that we have provided a plug liner for a refining engine wherein the spacer blocks used for supporting the knives in properly spaced reintended.

It will be apparent that when our locking means is used the wood spacer blocks maybe furnished to size and there will be no cutting and adjusting since it is not necessaryto rely on a severe wedging action to hold them in position. Also, the spacer blocks may beeasily forced into position with a small hammer thereby preventing splitting or crushing which takes the life out of the woods and prevents proper supporting action after the plug liner is put into use. When the liner is put into use and the block s. become wet, a swelling action is produced which causes them to be more tightly secured between the blades. Since considerable hammering is not necessary to force the spacer blocks into position when our locking means is employed, the blocks will not .be mutilated and therefore; maximum strength and supporting properties are retained.

' Furthermore, since the projections on the knives will securely hold the blocks in position without excessive wedging there will be no danger of their bulging outwardly or working out of position,

Another advantage of our invention is the fact that when our locking means is employed for holding the spacer blocks in position, knives and spacer blocks of less depth can be used since it is not necessary to rely on a severe wedging action and soaking for holding the spacer blocks in position. This constitutes a substantial saving to the manufacturer.

Another advantageous feature of our invention is the fact that the plug liner may be put into use immediately after it is assembled. Since the projecting members on the knives securely hold the spacer blocks in position even before they become wet and swell, the-plug liner may be placed in use immediately. This eifects a considerable saving in both time and money.

Another advantage of our invention is. in the seating of the knives over their entire length in a slotted groove in the plug liner. This assures more uniform wear of the knives and adds greatly to the life and strength of the entire unit.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim is:

1. In a machine for refining paper stock or the like, a member made up of a plurality of knives disposed in spaced relation, spacer members adapted to be disposed between said knives and adapted to maintain them in spaced relation, and a plurality of lugs or teats disposed at intervals along said knives and projecting from both of the side surfaces of said knives, said lugs or teats being adapted to extend into said spacer members when they are positioned between said knives in order that. said spacer members will be securely held in position between said knives,

"said lugs or teats being of such a nature and so disposed in said grooves, spacer blocks adapted to be positioned between said knives, and lugs or teats spaced longitudinally. on said knives adapted to extend into said blocks to maintain "them in position, said lugs or teats being ofsuch a nature and so disposed that the spacer members may be driven downwardly between the knives and then longitudinally thereof.

3. A plug liner for an engine of the type indi-' cated comprising a body portion, a plurality of,

long ves mounted on said body portion, a plurality of short knives mounted on said body portion, spacer blocks for maintaining said long" knives in spaced relation, spacer blocks for maintaining said short knives in'spaced relation, said last-named blocks having portions which overlap portions of said first-named bloflrs.

4. A plug liner for an engine or thetype indicated comprising a body portion, a plurality of longitudinally extending long knives mounted on said body portion, a plurality of longitudinally extending short knives mounted on said body portion, said long knives being disposed in spaced relation and said short knives being disposed between said long knives, spacer blocks for maintaining said long knives in spaced relation to each other, spacer blocks for maintaining said short knives in spaced relation to said long knives, said last-named blocks having portions which overlap portions ofsaid first-named blocks, andmeans for locking said last-named blocks in position.

5. A plug liner for an engine of the type indicated comprising a body portion,.a plurality of longitudinally extending long knives mounted in slots provided in said body portion, a plurality of longitudinally extending short knives mounted in slots provided in said body portion, means for holding said knives in said slots, said long knives being disposed in spaced relationand said short knives being disposed between said long knives, spacer blocks for maintaining said. long knives in spaced relation to each other, spacer blocks fob-maintaining said short knives in spaced relation to said long knives, said last-named blocks having portions which overlap portions of said first-named blocks, and projections on said knives adapted to lock said spacer blocks-in position.

6. A plug liner for an engine of the type indicated comprising a body portion, a plurality of long knives mounted on said body portion, a plurality of short knives mounted on said body portion, spacer blocks for maintaining said long knives in spaced relation, spacer blocks for maintaining said short knives .in spaced relation, and lugs or teats spaced longitudinally on said knives adapted to lock said spacer blocks in position, said lugs or teats being of such a nature and so disposed that the spacer members maybe driven downwardly between the knives and then longitudinally thereof. 7

,7. In a machine for refining paper stock or the like, a substantially frusto-conical shell, said shell having a plurality of grooves extending substantially the entire length thereof formed in the surface thereof, said grooves being spaced from each other and substantially parallel to each other, a plurality of shorter grooves formedin said shell and extending for only a portion of the length thereof, said shorter grooves being parallel with each other and also with the longer grooves between which they are disposed and from which they are spaced, said longer grooves having long knives disposed therein and said shorter grooves having short knives disposed therein, a plurality of annular bands or rings embracing the shell and extending over the grooves and substantially at right angles thereto, said knives having a plurality of bayonet slots formed in the lower edge thereof which produce projections or lugs which will fit beneath said annular bands or rings when the hives are properly positioned in the slots in the shell, each of said hives having lugs or teats spaced longitudinally thereof and projecting from the side sin-faces thereof, a plurality of spacer blocks for maintaining the long knives spaced relative to each other, one end of said spacer blocks being bevelled and the corresponding end of the longer hives being bevelled, a ring embracing the bevelled portions of said knives and nally thereof in order that they will be retained between the knives by said lugs or teats.

8. In a machine for refining paper stock or the like, a shell, said shell having a plurality of grooves extending substantially the entire length thereof formed in the surface thereof, said grooves being spaced from each other and substantially parallel to each other, a plurality of shorter grooves formed in said shell and extending for only a portion of the length thereof, said shorter grooves being parallel with each other and also with the longer grooves between which they are disposed and from which they are spaced, said longer grooves having long knives disposed therein and said shorter grooves having short knives disposed therein, a plurality of annular bands or rings extending around the shell over the grooves and substantially at right angles thereto, said knives having a plurality of bayonet slots formed in the lower edge thereof which produce projections or lugs which will fit beneath said annular bands or rings when the knives are properly positioned in the slots in the shell, each of said knives having lull or teats thereof and projecting from. the thereof, a plurality of spacer blocks taining the long hives spaced relative other, a plurality of spacer blocks for maintain- 5 ing the-short hives in spaced relation to the longer knives, said last named spacer blocks having one end abutting the first named spacer blocks .1 and having a portion which overlaps a portion of said first named'spacer blocks, said lugs or teatsbeingofsuchanatureandsodisposedthat the spacer blocks may be driven downwardly between the hives and then longitudinally thereof in order that they will be retained between the knives by said lugs or teats. l5

9. In amachine forrcflning'metstockor the like, a'shell, said shell having a plurality of grooves formed in the surface thereof and extending longitudinally thereof, said grooves being spaced from each other and substantially20 parallel to each other, alplurality of long hives disposedincertainofsaidgroovesandaplurality ofshorthivesdisposedineeminofsaidgrooves between the long hives, a plurality of annular bands or rings around the shell over 25 the groovesand' substantially at right angles thereto, said hives having a plurality of lugs or projections formed on the lower edge thereof which will fit beneath said annular bands or rings when the knives are properly positioned in the slots in the shell, each of said knives having lugs or tests spaced longitudinally thereof and projecting from the side surfaces thereof, a plurality of spacer blocks for maintaining the" long knives spaced relative to each other, a plurality of spacer blocks for maintaining the short hives in spaced relation to the long hives, said lugs or teats being ofsucha'natureandso disposed that the spacer blocks may be driven downwardly between the hives and then longitudinally there- 40 ofinorderthattheywillberetainedbetween the knives by said lugs or teats.

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